Abstract

This paper examines the structure of public expenditure in India with a focus on budget priorities related to employment generation and sustainable growth. Using recent budgetary information and selected theoretical and empirical literature, the study analyses the role of capital and revenue expenditure in supporting long term economic development. The paper highlights that an increased emphasis on capital expenditure supports infrastructure creation and productive capacity, while continued spending on social sectors contributes to human capital formation and inclusive growth. The analysis also shows that employment generation and sustainability are closely linked to the composition and direction of public spending. The paper argues that well designed budget priorities can serve as an effective policy instrument for advancing the objectives of Viksit Bharat @ 2047 by aligning fiscal policy with long term growth, employment, and sustainability goals.